Why does an application have more control on when the segment is sent?

For UDP protocols: In TCP protocol cannot expect the time between sent data and arrived data. So, an application does not have more control on when the segment is sent in TCP. n TCP protocol can expect the time between sent data and arrived data. So, an application have more control on when the segment is sent in TCP.

Why does an application have more control of what data is sent in a segment with UDP?

TCP due to the congestion control and flow control. There would be much more delay putting the segment from the buffer to the network layer. However, the UDP does not have these controls, so it means it does not concern about these delays. So an application has more control when the segment is sent over the UDP.

Is it possible for an application to enjoy reliable data transfer even when the application runs over UDP if so how if not Why not?

Is it possible for an application to enjoy reliable data transfer even when the application runs over UDP? If so, how? Yes. The application developer can put reliable data transfer into the application layer protocol.

How much data is in the first segment?

The first segment has sequence number 92 and 8 bytes of data, and the second segment has sequence number 100 and 20 bytes of data.

Why is it necessary for the server to use a special initial sequence number in the Synack?

It’s necessary for a server to use a special initial sequence number in the SYNACK because this initial sequence number is a SYN cookie. SYN cookies contain a secret number that only the server has knowledge of and it protects the information in the packet from a DoS attack.

How big would the window size have to be for the channel utilization to be greater than 98 percent?

Calculate the window size such that the channel utilization is greater than 98%. Therefore, to utilize 98% of the channel, the window size should be 2451 packets approximately.

How does the receiver detect errors?

To detect errors, the receiver adds the four words (the three original words and the checksum). Two-bit errors can be undetected (e.g., if the last digit of the first word is converted to a 0 and the last digit of the second word is converted to a 1).

What is the need of two port numbers in FTP protocol?

FTP uses two ports: The control connection (where commands are sent) is TCP port 21, and Active FTP uses a data connection (where data is transferred) that originates from TCP port 20. Here are the two socket pairs (the next two examples use arbitrary ephemeral ports): Client:1025 → Server:21 (control connection)

Is it possible for an application to enjoy reliable data transfer even when the application?

Yes, it is possible for an application to have reliable data transfer when the application runs over UDP. It can be done if reliability is built into applications itself. Designers of IP telephony and IP (internet protocol) video conference applications run their applications over UDP.

Is it possible for an application to enjoy reliable data transfer even when the application runs over UDP justify your answer describe why an application developer might choose to run an application over UDP rather than TCP?

When application runs over UDP, many more active clients can be supported by the server which is devoted to a particular application. Even though data transfer by TCP is reliable, some applications do not need reliable TCP data transfer. Therefore, application developers prefer UDP.

What is the correct acknowledgment number for a segment?

T/F Suppose Host A sends one segment with sequence number 38 and 4 bytes of data over a TCP connection to Host B. In this same segment the acknowledgment number is necessarily 42. False.

How is statistical multiplexing different from packet switching?

Contrast statistical multiplexing with the multiplexing that takes place in TDM. In a packet switched network, the packets from different sources flowing on a link do not follow any fixed, pre-defined pattern. In TDM circuit switching, each host gets the same slot in a revolving TDM frame.

How many TCP segments are in the first segment?

Suppose Host A sends two TCP segments back to back to Host B over a TCP connection. The first segment has sequence number 90; the second has sequence number 110. a. How much data is in the first segment?

What should be the propagation speed of a data link?

No congestions will occur because each link offers sufficient bandwidth to handle the sum of all the application’s data rates. Review the car-caravan analogy in Section 1.4. Assume a propagation speed of 100 km/hour. a.

T/F Suppose Host A sends one segment with sequence number 38 and 4 bytes of data over a TCP connection to Host B. In this same segment the acknowledgment number is necessarily 42. False.